Karnataka possesses some of the most important inland fisheries resources in southern India due to its extensive network of reservoirs, rivers, tanks, and irrigation impoundments. Reservoir fisheries state contributes significantly to food security, employment generation, nutritional support, and rural livelihoods, particularly for economically weaker fishing communities. Major reservoirs such as Tungabhadra Reservoir, Krishna Raja Sagara, Almatti Dam, and Bhadra Reservoir support diverse fish populations including Indian major carps, catfishes, murrels, and several indigenous species. However, the sector faces numerous challenges, including overfishing, invasive exotic species, habitat degradation, pollution, irregular stocking practices, and weak cooperative management systems. Scientific stocking programs, conservation of native fishes, community participation, and sustainable reservoir governance can substantially improve fish productivity, biodiversity conservation in Karnataka. This article reviews the status, productivity, biodiversity, management practices, and conservation strategies associated with reservoir fisheries in Karnataka.