Haemorrhagic Septicaemia: A Major Threat to Cattle and Buffalo
Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is one of the most important bacterial diseases affecting cattle
and buffaloes, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa. Disease is
caused by Pasteurella multocida, and characterized by acute septicaemia, high fever, and
respiratory distress, swelling of the throat and neck region, and high mortality. Buffaloes are
generally more susceptible than cattle, and outbreaks are often associated with during high
humidity, heavy rainfall, transportation stress, poor nutrition, and inadequate management
practices. Transmission occurs primarily through direct contact with infected or carrier animals
and contaminated feed or water sources. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are important
and vaccination is the most effective way for disease prevention and control. Biosecurity at
farm, proper nutrition, stress reduction, quarantine of newly introduced animals, and farmer
awareness can help to reduce the occurrence of disease. Effective control of Haemorrhagic
septicaemia requires coordinated efforts among farmers, veterinarians, researchers, and
government agencies.